Візьмемо для прикладу рамку або бібліотеку, яку ви розробляєте для інших користувачів, з часом ці користувачі матимуть main function
свій код для виконання програми. Якщо користувач безпосередньо імпортує підпакет проекту вашої бібліотеки, то init
цей підпакет в першу чергу буде викликаний ( раз ). Те саме для кореневого пакету бібліотеки тощо ...
Є багато разів, коли ви хочете, щоб блок коду виконувався без наявності main func
прямого чи ні.
Якщо ви, як розробник уявної бібліотеки, імпортуєте підпакет своєї бібліотеки, який має init
функцію, він буде викликаний спочатку і один раз , у вас немає, main func
але вам потрібно переконатися, що деякі змінні або таблиця, буде ініціалізовано перед викликами інших функцій.
Хороша річ, яку потрібно пам’ятати і не хвилюватися, це те,
що init
завжди виконувати один раз за програмою.
init
виконання відбувається:
- безпосередньо перед
init
функцією пакета "абонент",
- перед, необов'язково
main func
,
- але після змінних на рівні пакету
var = [...] or cost = [...]
,
Коли ви імпортуєте пакет, він виконуватиме всі його функції init, на замовлення .
Я наведу дуже хороший приклад функції init. Він додасть типи mime до стандартної бібліотеки з назвою go, mime
а функція рівня пакета буде використовувати mime
стандартний пакет безпосередньо для отримання користувацьких типів mime, які вже ініціалізовані під його init
функцію:
package mime
import (
"mime"
"path/filepath"
)
var types = map[string]string{
".3dm": "x-world/x-3dmf",
".3dmf": "x-world/x-3dmf",
".7z": "application/x-7z-compressed",
".a": "application/octet-stream",
".aab": "application/x-authorware-bin",
".aam": "application/x-authorware-map",
".aas": "application/x-authorware-seg",
".abc": "text/vndabc",
".ace": "application/x-ace-compressed",
".acgi": "text/html",
".afl": "video/animaflex",
".ai": "application/postscript",
".aif": "audio/aiff",
".aifc": "audio/aiff",
".aiff": "audio/aiff",
".aim": "application/x-aim",
".aip": "text/x-audiosoft-intra",
".alz": "application/x-alz-compressed",
".ani": "application/x-navi-animation",
".aos": "application/x-nokia-9000-communicator-add-on-software",
".aps": "application/mime",
".apk": "application/vnd.android.package-archive",
".arc": "application/x-arc-compressed",
".arj": "application/arj",
".art": "image/x-jg",
".asf": "video/x-ms-asf",
".asm": "text/x-asm",
".asp": "text/asp",
".asx": "application/x-mplayer2",
".au": "audio/basic",
".avi": "video/x-msvideo",
".avs": "video/avs-video",
".bcpio": "application/x-bcpio",
".bin": "application/mac-binary",
".bmp": "image/bmp",
".boo": "application/book",
".book": "application/book",
".boz": "application/x-bzip2",
".bsh": "application/x-bsh",
".bz2": "application/x-bzip2",
".bz": "application/x-bzip",
".c++": "text/plain",
".c": "text/x-c",
".cab": "application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed",
".cat": "application/vndms-pkiseccat",
".cc": "text/x-c",
".ccad": "application/clariscad",
".cco": "application/x-cocoa",
".cdf": "application/cdf",
".cer": "application/pkix-cert",
".cha": "application/x-chat",
".chat": "application/x-chat",
".chrt": "application/vnd.kde.kchart",
".class": "application/java",
".com": "text/plain",
".conf": "text/plain",
".cpio": "application/x-cpio",
".cpp": "text/x-c",
".cpt": "application/mac-compactpro",
".crl": "application/pkcs-crl",
".crt": "application/pkix-cert",
".crx": "application/x-chrome-extension",
".csh": "text/x-scriptcsh",
".css": "text/css",
".csv": "text/csv",
".cxx": "text/plain",
".dar": "application/x-dar",
".dcr": "application/x-director",
".deb": "application/x-debian-package",
".deepv": "application/x-deepv",
".def": "text/plain",
".der": "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
".dif": "video/x-dv",
".dir": "application/x-director",
".divx": "video/divx",
".dl": "video/dl",
".dmg": "application/x-apple-diskimage",
".doc": "application/msword",
".dot": "application/msword",
".dp": "application/commonground",
".drw": "application/drafting",
".dump": "application/octet-stream",
".dv": "video/x-dv",
".dvi": "application/x-dvi",
".dwf": "drawing/x-dwf=(old)",
".dwg": "application/acad",
".dxf": "application/dxf",
".dxr": "application/x-director",
".el": "text/x-scriptelisp",
".elc": "application/x-bytecodeelisp=(compiled=elisp)",
".eml": "message/rfc822",
".env": "application/x-envoy",
".eps": "application/postscript",
".es": "application/x-esrehber",
".etx": "text/x-setext",
".evy": "application/envoy",
".exe": "application/octet-stream",
".f77": "text/x-fortran",
".f90": "text/x-fortran",
".f": "text/x-fortran",
".fdf": "application/vndfdf",
".fif": "application/fractals",
".fli": "video/fli",
".flo": "image/florian",
".flv": "video/x-flv",
".flx": "text/vndfmiflexstor",
".fmf": "video/x-atomic3d-feature",
".for": "text/x-fortran",
".fpx": "image/vndfpx",
".frl": "application/freeloader",
".funk": "audio/make",
".g3": "image/g3fax",
".g": "text/plain",
".gif": "image/gif",
".gl": "video/gl",
".gsd": "audio/x-gsm",
".gsm": "audio/x-gsm",
".gsp": "application/x-gsp",
".gss": "application/x-gss",
".gtar": "application/x-gtar",
".gz": "application/x-compressed",
".gzip": "application/x-gzip",
".h": "text/x-h",
".hdf": "application/x-hdf",
".help": "application/x-helpfile",
".hgl": "application/vndhp-hpgl",
".hh": "text/x-h",
".hlb": "text/x-script",
".hlp": "application/hlp",
".hpg": "application/vndhp-hpgl",
".hpgl": "application/vndhp-hpgl",
".hqx": "application/binhex",
".hta": "application/hta",
".htc": "text/x-component",
".htm": "text/html",
".html": "text/html",
".htmls": "text/html",
".htt": "text/webviewhtml",
".htx": "text/html",
".ice": "x-conference/x-cooltalk",
".ico": "image/x-icon",
".ics": "text/calendar",
".icz": "text/calendar",
".idc": "text/plain",
".ief": "image/ief",
".iefs": "image/ief",
".iges": "application/iges",
".igs": "application/iges",
".ima": "application/x-ima",
".imap": "application/x-httpd-imap",
".inf": "application/inf",
".ins": "application/x-internett-signup",
".ip": "application/x-ip2",
".isu": "video/x-isvideo",
".it": "audio/it",
".iv": "application/x-inventor",
".ivr": "i-world/i-vrml",
".ivy": "application/x-livescreen",
".jam": "audio/x-jam",
".jav": "text/x-java-source",
".java": "text/x-java-source",
".jcm": "application/x-java-commerce",
".jfif-tbnl": "image/jpeg",
".jfif": "image/jpeg",
".jnlp": "application/x-java-jnlp-file",
".jpe": "image/jpeg",
".jpeg": "image/jpeg",
".jpg": "image/jpeg",
".jps": "image/x-jps",
".js": "application/javascript",
".json": "application/json",
".jut": "image/jutvision",
".kar": "audio/midi",
".karbon": "application/vnd.kde.karbon",
".kfo": "application/vnd.kde.kformula",
".flw": "application/vnd.kde.kivio",
".kml": "application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml",
".kmz": "application/vnd.google-earth.kmz",
".kon": "application/vnd.kde.kontour",
".kpr": "application/vnd.kde.kpresenter",
".kpt": "application/vnd.kde.kpresenter",
".ksp": "application/vnd.kde.kspread",
".kwd": "application/vnd.kde.kword",
".kwt": "application/vnd.kde.kword",
".ksh": "text/x-scriptksh",
".la": "audio/nspaudio",
".lam": "audio/x-liveaudio",
".latex": "application/x-latex",
".lha": "application/lha",
".lhx": "application/octet-stream",
".list": "text/plain",
".lma": "audio/nspaudio",
".log": "text/plain",
".lsp": "text/x-scriptlisp",
".lst": "text/plain",
".lsx": "text/x-la-asf",
".ltx": "application/x-latex",
".lzh": "application/octet-stream",
".lzx": "application/lzx",
".m1v": "video/mpeg",
".m2a": "audio/mpeg",
".m2v": "video/mpeg",
".m3u": "audio/x-mpegurl",
".m": "text/x-m",
".man": "application/x-troff-man",
".manifest": "text/cache-manifest",
".map": "application/x-navimap",
".mar": "text/plain",
".mbd": "application/mbedlet",
".mc$": "application/x-magic-cap-package-10",
".mcd": "application/mcad",
".mcf": "text/mcf",
".mcp": "application/netmc",
".me": "application/x-troff-me",
".mht": "message/rfc822",
".mhtml": "message/rfc822",
".mid": "application/x-midi",
".midi": "application/x-midi",
".mif": "application/x-frame",
".mime": "message/rfc822",
".mjf": "audio/x-vndaudioexplosionmjuicemediafile",
".mjpg": "video/x-motion-jpeg",
".mm": "application/base64",
".mme": "application/base64",
".mod": "audio/mod",
".moov": "video/quicktime",
".mov": "video/quicktime",
".movie": "video/x-sgi-movie",
".mp2": "audio/mpeg",
".mp3": "audio/mpeg3",
".mp4": "video/mp4",
".mpa": "audio/mpeg",
".mpc": "application/x-project",
".mpe": "video/mpeg",
".mpeg": "video/mpeg",
".mpg": "video/mpeg",
".mpga": "audio/mpeg",
".mpp": "application/vndms-project",
".mpt": "application/x-project",
".mpv": "application/x-project",
".mpx": "application/x-project",
".mrc": "application/marc",
".ms": "application/x-troff-ms",
".mv": "video/x-sgi-movie",
".my": "audio/make",
".mzz": "application/x-vndaudioexplosionmzz",
".nap": "image/naplps",
".naplps": "image/naplps",
".nc": "application/x-netcdf",
".ncm": "application/vndnokiaconfiguration-message",
".nif": "image/x-niff",
".niff": "image/x-niff",
".nix": "application/x-mix-transfer",
".nsc": "application/x-conference",
".nvd": "application/x-navidoc",
".o": "application/octet-stream",
".oda": "application/oda",
".odb": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database",
".odc": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart",
".odf": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula",
".odg": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics",
".odi": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image",
".odm": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master",
".odp": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation",
".ods": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet",
".odt": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text",
".oga": "audio/ogg",
".ogg": "audio/ogg",
".ogv": "video/ogg",
".omc": "application/x-omc",
".omcd": "application/x-omcdatamaker",
".omcr": "application/x-omcregerator",
".otc": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart-template",
".otf": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula-template",
".otg": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template",
".oth": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web",
".oti": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image-template",
".otm": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master",
".otp": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template",
".ots": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template",
".ott": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template",
".p10": "application/pkcs10",
".p12": "application/pkcs-12",
".p7a": "application/x-pkcs7-signature",
".p7c": "application/pkcs7-mime",
".p7m": "application/pkcs7-mime",
".p7r": "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp",
".p7s": "application/pkcs7-signature",
".p": "text/x-pascal",
".part": "application/pro_eng",
".pas": "text/pascal",
".pbm": "image/x-portable-bitmap",
".pcl": "application/vndhp-pcl",
".pct": "image/x-pict",
".pcx": "image/x-pcx",
".pdb": "chemical/x-pdb",
".pdf": "application/pdf",
".pfunk": "audio/make",
".pgm": "image/x-portable-graymap",
".pic": "image/pict",
".pict": "image/pict",
".pkg": "application/x-newton-compatible-pkg",
".pko": "application/vndms-pkipko",
".pl": "text/x-scriptperl",
".plx": "application/x-pixclscript",
".pm4": "application/x-pagemaker",
".pm5": "application/x-pagemaker",
".pm": "text/x-scriptperl-module",
".png": "image/png",
".pnm": "application/x-portable-anymap",
".pot": "application/mspowerpoint",
".pov": "model/x-pov",
".ppa": "application/vndms-powerpoint",
".ppm": "image/x-portable-pixmap",
".pps": "application/mspowerpoint",
".ppt": "application/mspowerpoint",
".ppz": "application/mspowerpoint",
".pre": "application/x-freelance",
".prt": "application/pro_eng",
".ps": "application/postscript",
".psd": "application/octet-stream",
".pvu": "paleovu/x-pv",
".pwz": "application/vndms-powerpoint",
".py": "text/x-scriptphyton",
".pyc": "application/x-bytecodepython",
".qcp": "audio/vndqcelp",
".qd3": "x-world/x-3dmf",
".qd3d": "x-world/x-3dmf",
".qif": "image/x-quicktime",
".qt": "video/quicktime",
".qtc": "video/x-qtc",
".qti": "image/x-quicktime",
".qtif": "image/x-quicktime",
".ra": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".ram": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".rar": "application/x-rar-compressed",
".ras": "application/x-cmu-raster",
".rast": "image/cmu-raster",
".rexx": "text/x-scriptrexx",
".rf": "image/vndrn-realflash",
".rgb": "image/x-rgb",
".rm": "application/vndrn-realmedia",
".rmi": "audio/mid",
".rmm": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".rmp": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".rng": "application/ringing-tones",
".rnx": "application/vndrn-realplayer",
".roff": "application/x-troff",
".rp": "image/vndrn-realpix",
".rpm": "audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin",
".rt": "text/vndrn-realtext",
".rtf": "text/richtext",
".rtx": "text/richtext",
".rv": "video/vndrn-realvideo",
".s": "text/x-asm",
".s3m": "audio/s3m",
".s7z": "application/x-7z-compressed",
".saveme": "application/octet-stream",
".sbk": "application/x-tbook",
".scm": "text/x-scriptscheme",
".sdml": "text/plain",
".sdp": "application/sdp",
".sdr": "application/sounder",
".sea": "application/sea",
".set": "application/set",
".sgm": "text/x-sgml",
".sgml": "text/x-sgml",
".sh": "text/x-scriptsh",
".shar": "application/x-bsh",
".shtml": "text/x-server-parsed-html",
".sid": "audio/x-psid",
".skd": "application/x-koan",
".skm": "application/x-koan",
".skp": "application/x-koan",
".skt": "application/x-koan",
".sit": "application/x-stuffit",
".sitx": "application/x-stuffitx",
".sl": "application/x-seelogo",
".smi": "application/smil",
".smil": "application/smil",
".snd": "audio/basic",
".sol": "application/solids",
".spc": "text/x-speech",
".spl": "application/futuresplash",
".spr": "application/x-sprite",
".sprite": "application/x-sprite",
".spx": "audio/ogg",
".src": "application/x-wais-source",
".ssi": "text/x-server-parsed-html",
".ssm": "application/streamingmedia",
".sst": "application/vndms-pkicertstore",
".step": "application/step",
".stl": "application/sla",
".stp": "application/step",
".sv4cpio": "application/x-sv4cpio",
".sv4crc": "application/x-sv4crc",
".svf": "image/vnddwg",
".svg": "image/svg+xml",
".svr": "application/x-world",
".swf": "application/x-shockwave-flash",
".t": "application/x-troff",
".talk": "text/x-speech",
".tar": "application/x-tar",
".tbk": "application/toolbook",
".tcl": "text/x-scripttcl",
".tcsh": "text/x-scripttcsh",
".tex": "application/x-tex",
".texi": "application/x-texinfo",
".texinfo": "application/x-texinfo",
".text": "text/plain",
".tgz": "application/gnutar",
".tif": "image/tiff",
".tiff": "image/tiff",
".tr": "application/x-troff",
".tsi": "audio/tsp-audio",
".tsp": "application/dsptype",
".tsv": "text/tab-separated-values",
".turbot": "image/florian",
".txt": "text/plain",
".uil": "text/x-uil",
".uni": "text/uri-list",
".unis": "text/uri-list",
".unv": "application/i-deas",
".uri": "text/uri-list",
".uris": "text/uri-list",
".ustar": "application/x-ustar",
".uu": "text/x-uuencode",
".uue": "text/x-uuencode",
".vcd": "application/x-cdlink",
".vcf": "text/x-vcard",
".vcard": "text/x-vcard",
".vcs": "text/x-vcalendar",
".vda": "application/vda",
".vdo": "video/vdo",
".vew": "application/groupwise",
".viv": "video/vivo",
".vivo": "video/vivo",
".vmd": "application/vocaltec-media-desc",
".vmf": "application/vocaltec-media-file",
".voc": "audio/voc",
".vos": "video/vosaic",
".vox": "audio/voxware",
".vqe": "audio/x-twinvq-plugin",
".vqf": "audio/x-twinvq",
".vql": "audio/x-twinvq-plugin",
".vrml": "application/x-vrml",
".vrt": "x-world/x-vrt",
".vsd": "application/x-visio",
".vst": "application/x-visio",
".vsw": "application/x-visio",
".w60": "application/wordperfect60",
".w61": "application/wordperfect61",
".w6w": "application/msword",
".wav": "audio/wav",
".wb1": "application/x-qpro",
".wbmp": "image/vnd.wap.wbmp",
".web": "application/vndxara",
".wiz": "application/msword",
".wk1": "application/x-123",
".wmf": "windows/metafile",
".wml": "text/vnd.wap.wml",
".wmlc": "application/vnd.wap.wmlc",
".wmls": "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript",
".wmlsc": "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc",
".word": "application/msword",
".wp5": "application/wordperfect",
".wp6": "application/wordperfect",
".wp": "application/wordperfect",
".wpd": "application/wordperfect",
".wq1": "application/x-lotus",
".wri": "application/mswrite",
".wrl": "application/x-world",
".wrz": "model/vrml",
".wsc": "text/scriplet",
".wsrc": "application/x-wais-source",
".wtk": "application/x-wintalk",
".x-png": "image/png",
".xbm": "image/x-xbitmap",
".xdr": "video/x-amt-demorun",
".xgz": "xgl/drawing",
".xif": "image/vndxiff",
".xl": "application/excel",
".xla": "application/excel",
".xlb": "application/excel",
".xlc": "application/excel",
".xld": "application/excel",
".xlk": "application/excel",
".xll": "application/excel",
".xlm": "application/excel",
".xls": "application/excel",
".xlt": "application/excel",
".xlv": "application/excel",
".xlw": "application/excel",
".xm": "audio/xm",
".xml": "text/xml",
".xmz": "xgl/movie",
".xpix": "application/x-vndls-xpix",
".xpm": "image/x-xpixmap",
".xsr": "video/x-amt-showrun",
".xwd": "image/x-xwd",
".xyz": "chemical/x-pdb",
".z": "application/x-compress",
".zip": "application/zip",
".zoo": "application/octet-stream",
".zsh": "text/x-scriptzsh",
".docx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document",
".docm": "application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroEnabled.12",
".dotx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template",
".dotm": "application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroEnabled.12",
".xlsx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
".xlsm": "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroEnabled.12",
".xltx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template",
".xltm": "application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroEnabled.12",
".xlsb": "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroEnabled.12",
".xlam": "application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroEnabled.12",
".pptx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation",
".pptm": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12",
".ppsx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow",
".ppsm": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12",
".potx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template",
".potm": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12",
".ppam": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroEnabled.12",
".sldx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide",
".sldm": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slide.macroEnabled.12",
".thmx": "application/vnd.ms-officetheme",
".onetoc": "application/onenote",
".onetoc2": "application/onenote",
".onetmp": "application/onenote",
".onepkg": "application/onenote",
".xpi": "application/x-xpinstall",
}
func init() {
for ext, typ := range types {
// skip errors
mime.AddExtensionType(ext, typ)
}
}
// typeByExtension returns the MIME type associated with the file extension ext.
// The extension ext should begin with a leading dot, as in ".html".
// When ext has no associated type, typeByExtension returns "".
//
// Extensions are looked up first case-sensitively, then case-insensitively.
//
// The built-in table is small but on unix it is augmented by the local
// system's mime.types file(s) if available under one or more of these
// names:
//
// /etc/mime.types
// /etc/apache2/mime.types
// /etc/apache/mime.types
//
// On Windows, MIME types are extracted from the registry.
//
// Text types have the charset parameter set to "utf-8" by default.
func TypeByExtension(fullfilename string) string {
ext := filepath.Ext(fullfilename)
typ := mime.TypeByExtension(ext)
// mime.TypeByExtension returns as text/plain; | charset=utf-8 the static .js (not always)
if ext == ".js" && (typ == "text/plain" || typ == "text/plain; charset=utf-8") {
if ext == ".js" {
typ = "application/javascript"
}
}
return typ
}
Сподіваємось, що допомогли вам та іншим користувачам, не соромтесь опублікувати ще раз, якщо у вас виникнуть додаткові запитання!
init()
Я думаю, що це означає, що якщо різні файли мають свої власніinits
, усі вставки завжди виконуються прямо перед запуском main ()? Чи можете ви також уточнити для мене одне, чому ви мали б init () без головного і як це працює? Чи означає це, що init () - це останнє, що було запущено перед імпортом пакета? В іншому випадку, якщо його не імпортується і немає головного, програма ніколи не виконує ... правда? (якщо не його тестовий файл, я думаю ...)